Climate COP31 Turkey

World leaders begin formal discussions Wednesday at the United Nations climate change conference in Turkey. They're hoping to agree on concrete actions to curb global warming after a year of deadly floods, heat waves and other climate-related disasters. But what will be accomplished at the Conference of the Parties, called COP31, remains to be seen. Past talks have made promises that later fell flat. Scientists say global warming likely will exceed 1.5 degrees Celsius (2.7 degrees Fahrenheit) above the preindustrial levels of the early 1800s. Limiting temperature rise to that threshold was a goal set in the 2015 Paris Agreement.